Queenie Chen Pd. 3 - 1078 Words

Queenie Chen Pd. 3 November 18, 2016 The Crucible - Reputation Task: Preserving one’s reputation is a prevalent theme in The Crucible. Conduct a detailed examination of two characters who are concerned with their reputations. How does this affect how they behave, the ultimate decisions they make, and other characters in the play? How are their situations similar or different? Is a good name more important than the truth, or are they indeed the same thing? How do these two characters exemplify this idea? One of the most prevalent theme in The Crucible is preserving one’s reputation. Reputation plays a huge role in Salem because the fear†¦show more content†¦Admitting to his sin would ruin his reputation forever, but if it meant saving his wife and Salem from witchcraft, he would carry this weight of shame. It s also concluded that if he had not slept with Abigail, no one would be in this position at all, so he was realizing his past mistakes and is willing to take the blame for himself, risking his own reputation. By the end of the play, Proctor’s desire to keep his good name, however, led him to make the heroic choice of not making a false confession. Instead, he would rather die knowing that he has some truth to himself. â€Å"Proctor, with a cry of his whole soul: Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lie! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† (IV, pg.143). Throughout the whole play, Proctor felt like a fraud to everyone around him because they all saw him as this well respected and honest man in society. If he confessed to witchcraft, he would be lying to himself and to everyone else. He already holds so much guilt and shame for his adultery that he loses control over his soul. His good name was the only part left of him that was still pure. Proctor hastily decided to not sign his name away because he would have nothing left of himself. By refusing to give away his name, he redeems himself for his

The Aeneid Is An Epic Poem - 2328 Words

INTRO The Aeneid is an epic poem that tells the story of a Trojan hero, Aeneas who had to flee from his home as the Greeks were destroying it. Aeneas and his men travel across the sea in search of Italy where they are destined to build the Roman Empire. During his journey Aeneas will come up against many obstacles through the works of divine intervention. The epic poem written by Virgil in 29-19BC has many lasting influence of the classical world on other cultures across time like art, literature, drama, music and post-classical periods. Two works has been influenced by Book four of the Aeneid like the film Romeo and Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann from the 20th century (1996), and Dido and Aeneas opera by Henry Purcell from the 17th century. In book four also known as Dido’s Tragedy depicts the myth of Aeneas. This Book start of with Aeneas sailing across the sea in search of Italy, Juno (queen of gods) sends a storm causing the Trojan hero and his men to land in the city of Carth age. In Book 4 Aeneas meets the Carthaginian queen, Dido. Aeneas’s mother, Venus (goddess of beauty and love) sends Cupid disguised as lulus and makes Dido fall in love with Aeneas by making her breath in the fire of love. Juno sees that Dido’s love for Aeneas may keep him for searching for Italy. So one day Dido and Aeneas go hunting but Juno summons a storm causing them to find shelter in a cave, where they end up making love which Dido believe that it was a symbol of marriage. Jupiter (king ofShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid Is An Epic Poem1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe Aeneid is an epic poem written in 20 B.C by Virgil, the pre-eminent poet of the Roman Empire. It is based on the Greek oral tradition Homer s Iliad and Odyssey. Virgil seeks to establish the greatness of Rome by linking the foundation of Rome to the legends of Troy. In this masterpiece, he delicately pictures men and women with opposite characteristics. Men are rational and calm while women are emotional and chaotic which are represented by Neptune and Juno in sequence. Through this, VirgilRead MoreThe Aeneid Of Vergil Is Latin Epic Poem873 Words   |  4 PagesThe Aeneid of Vergil is Latin epic poem in twelve books by an ancient Roman poet, Vergil. This poem is designed to celebrate the origin and growth of The Roman Empire, the achievements both of Rome and of Augustus. To describe of main character briefly, Aeneas, the Trojan hero, who survived the fall of Troy and after long journey founded a settlement for Trojan in Latium in Italy. The Aeneid consist of abundant references to history of Rome and the political issues of his lifetime. This paper explainRead MoreThe Aeneid Is A Latin Epic Poem Written By Virgil1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aeneid is a Latin epic poem written by Virgil. The Aeneid tells a story of Aenes, a Trojan who traveled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the romans. The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem written by Homer. Both the Aeneid and the Il iad are both the same and different at the same time. The Iliad and the Aeneid are both masterworks in epic poetry. Not only do they summon destiny and martial duty, but also heroism. They are both fixated around the Trojan War. In the Iliad it focuses mainlyRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in the Aeneid and the Odyssey.1418 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the Odyssey and the Aeneid describe the journeys of the two Greek heroes –Odysseus and Aeneas, as they struggle towards their goal through the crises and deadly situations caused by the wrath of the gods upon them. In the Odyssey, we see that Poseidon (god of the sea/earth shaker) has a grudge against Odysseus while Athena, god of wisdom, aids him throughout his journey. Similarly in the Aeneid, we see that goddess Juno dislikes Aeneas as he is destined to destroy the city of Carthage lovedRead MoreThe Aeneid, By Publius Vergilius Maro1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Aeneid is an epic poem originally written in Latin by Publi us Vergilius Maro (Virgil). Virgil’s background is rather extraorginary. He was born about 70 B.C in the village of Andes, which is just outside of modern day Mantua. He got his education in the Northern Italian cities of Milan and Cremona. He eventually made his way to Rome where he was quickly immersed in learning the theory of Roman law. Virgil had planned to end up a legal advisor as his dad wished, however after giving law a tryRead MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Is An Epic War Poetry1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe Aeneid by Virgil is an epic war poetry written in the 19 B.C.E based on the Trojan War. The poem narrates a story of a Trojan who visited Italy where he came the Romans’ ancestor. In the context of the poem, gods have much quoted manipulating; plotting and working against humans they abhor (Virgil Ferry, n.d.). Despite the god s cunning behaviors, their actions end up putting destiny back on its proper course. Gods, future, and fate are essential aspects of Greek epic poetry .in most GreekRead MoreComparing The Iliad And The Odyssey905 Words   |  4 PagesThis short essay will identify five traditional epic characteristics that are evident in both the Iliad and the Odyssey. The first epic characteristic evident in both epics is catalogs and genealogies. For instance, Book VIII of the Odyssey features a list of participants in the game (115-125) and the Iliad Book II features a catalog of ships (484-759). Secondly, both epics start in media res. The Odyssey starts ten years after the Trojan War and the Illiad starts nine years after the start of theRead MoreThe Aeneid Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesthat his unfinished Aeneid be destroyed, but Augustus would not let this happen. The Aeneid was later completed by two of Virgil’s friends, that fixed the minor grammatical errors and published the poem. This decision affected the track of literary history and the development of western culture. In fact, the Bible and the Aeneid were probably the two most consistently read books in Western Europe for hundreds of years. (â€Å"Virgil and the Moderns†) The Aeneid is a Latin epic poem that was written inRead MoreThe Aeneid And The Odyssey1547 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Aeneid and The Odyssey The Aeneid and The Odyssey are two of the most famous poems written in their time. While there are other poems that are also notable, these two poems are well known for showing strong battles between mythical creatures and strong heroes. Homer and Virgil have written incredible poems that have stood the test of time. The depth of their vision was beyond their time and is still used around the world thousands of years later to show honest, loyal, strong heroes. The AeneidRead MoreSimilarities Between The Aeneid And The Iliad1029 Words   |  5 Pages Publius Vergilius Maro, or more commonly known as Virgil, studied the Greek’s most well-known author Homer when he was creating his national epic poem. Virgil’s â€Å"The Aeneid† was written long after the creation of Homer’s â€Å"The Iliad†. However, there are many underlying similarities between the two. Virgil intended for their stories to share similar themes and plots because he truly admired Home r’s works he eventually adopted the Homeric style in his own writing. Despite having great battles and bloodshed

Development of a Nursing Care Plan For Angela - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDevelopment of a Nursing Care Plan For Angela. Answer: Introduction This report`s title overtly highlights its central essence. It seeks to provide a systematic, extensive, concise and satisfactory development of a nursing care plan for Angela, who suffers from a chronic condition. To do this, the report will comprehensively discuss several aspects pertaining chronic conditions. The report is structured into four sections namely: a discussion of the guiding principles in planning nursing care for chronically ill patients, development of a nursing care plan( will include three nursing interventions supported by relevant rationale), an analysis of three collaboration ways between the registered nurse and other interdisciplinary team to provide a wholesome care and a conclusion. A discussion of the guiding principles in planning nursing care for chronically ill patients There is an increasing reliance on guiding principles regarding self-management and empowerment for patients with chronic conditions globally (McCorkle, et al., 2011). Essentially, it includes both the patient and the family. Self-management enables the patient and the family to collaboratively perform caring tasks for the patient with little aid from the registered nurse and other interdisciplinary team. On the other hand, patient empowerment depicts the ability of the patient to positively influence his or her health (Mitchell, et al., 2012). It involves enhancing the patient`s knowledge about his or her condition and motivating them to positively influence their health. Resultantly, this gives rise to well-informed patients who can immensely take responsibility for their health. This remarkably leads to improved quality of life and a lowered need for external assistance. The relevant guiding principles in a chronic and complex illnesses context are listed below: Establish a treatment partnership with the patient and involve other staff Employ the five A`s (assess, advice, agree, assist and arrange) Organizing proactive follow-up Assure on care continuity Each of these is concisely discussed in context below. Establish a treatment partnership with the patient It is indispensable to initiate a treatment partnership with chronically sick patients in order to facilitate their progressive positive recovery. This partnership normally involves creating ties with the patient and his or her family (Nuno, Coleman, Bengoa, Sauto, 2012). This is meant to establish a collaborative element among these involved parties, that is, the registered nurse, other relevant support staff, the patient and the family. It chiefly brings about synergy among these parties. For instance, Angela will need a partnership involving her, her daughters, the registered nurse and other relevant support staff. This will hasten her holistic recovery. Employ the five A`s (assess, advice, agree, assist and arrange) These A`s capture the paramount patient aspects. Assessing involves evaluating the patient`s consultation goals, identifying suitable treatments, risk factors and assessing the patient`s beliefs, knowledge, concerns and daily conducts related to his or her chronic condition. Advising includes completing the existing gaps in the patient`s understanding of his or her illness. This requires the use of a non-judgemental and neutral language (Parekh, Goodman, Gordon, Koh, Conditions, 2011). Agreeing is also essential. It involves agreeing upon goals which reflect the patient`s priorities. Assisting captures providing treatment particularly regarding self-management. Arranging involves follow-ups to monitor treatment progress and stresses key messages. For example, Angela`s GP admitted her to the hospital for oral prednisolone and IV antibiotics, salbutamol, Atrovent nebulisers, and oxygen therapy to keep her SO2 above 92%. This will aid in treating her condition. Organizing proactive follow-ups Proactive active follow-ups depict monitoring that is conducted on the patient before he or she has completed the treatment. It may be executed at agreed upon periodic intervals (Tinetti, Fried, Boyd, 2012). Such proactive follow-ups are precisely necessary since they enable the registered nurse in collaboration with other relevant interdisciplinary team to closely note the patient`s response to treatment and recovery progress. For example, prior follow-ups will be indispensable for Angela since she has not been diligent in taking her medication before. Resultantly, this aids the registered nurse to prudently monitor her progress. Assure on care continuity This involves concretely promising the patient that the present care will go on even after discharge from the hospital and or after treatment to avert any likelihood of relapse. For instance, Angela`s GP needs to assure her of continued care even after her discharge from the hospital. This will help in quite remarkably stabilizing her chronic condition alongside assisting her to perpetually positively influence her healing process. Development of a nursing care plan which involves three nursing interventions supported by relevant rationale Care plans should enable and empower patients to care for themselves in their preferred way (Tinetti, Fried, Boyd, 2012). This implies that the partnerships in the self-management care facilitate the patients and their families to attain their care goals their way. As such, Angela`s chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires immensely diligent nursing interventions. She will need nursing care both at the inpatient and outpatient (Ludman, et al., 2013). The desired outcomes of the nursing interventions include: to steady airway patency, exhibit behaviours to enhance airway clearance for instance expectorate secretions, demonstrate enhanced ventilation and enough oxygenation of tissues within the patient`s normal range and be relieved from respiratory distress symptoms and take part in treatment regimen accordingly (Kujipers, Groen, Aaronson, Harten, 2013). Nursing Intervention one Note the presence and degree of dyspnoea based on observation of her ``air hunger`` and respiratory distress. Employ a 0-10 scale Grade of Breathlessness Scale to rate her breathing difficulty (Morton, Fontain, Hudak, Gallo, 2017). Verify precipitating issues when possible and distinguish acute episode from chronic dyspnoea exacerbation. Rationale There is variability of respiratory dysfunction based on the underlying process like an allergic reaction, infection and the level of chronicity in a patient with established COPD (Katon J., 2011). Essentially, employing a 0-10 scale to rate dyspnoea helps to quantify and monitor respiratory distress changes. This rationale aids in upholding the guiding principles. For example the use of the five A`s (assess, advice, agree, assist and arrange). Since respiratory dysfunction is variant among patients, this principle is vividly addressed in that the five A`s are used in handling the rationale like assessing variability and advising on chronicity level among others. Similarly, the rationale assists in creating the necessary treatment partnership. Nursing intervention two Spur the expectoration of sputum; when saturation or retention is exhibited (Bridges, et al., 2013). This involves encouraging the patient to spit the sputum the more it is produced. Rationale Increased, thick, relentless, stained, copious secretions are a chief origin of impaired gas exchange in tiny airways. Deep suctioning can be needed when a cough is ineffective for secretions expectoration (Weissman Meier, 2011). This implies that it is imperative to encourage deep spiting of the produced sputum in order to clear the airways of the patient and consequently ease the breathing difficulty. This is especially when the sputum production is stained and of a monstrous amount like in the case of Angela (Katon, et al., 2012). This particular rationale supports the present best practices and the guiding principles mentioned above in that the employment of the five A`s is evident in this rationale particularly advising and assisting the patient to continuously spit the sputum. Additionally, the other guiding principles are also addressed here for instance; this rationale helps in establishing the decisive treatment collaboration with the patient, family, and other support staf f. Nursing intervention three Uplift the top end or the `head` of the bed, help patient to take a position to ease breathing work. Incorporate intervals of time prone position as allowed. Psych up pursed-lip or deep-slow breathing as individually required or allowed (Barry Edgman, 2012). Rationale Oxygen delivery can be enhanced by breathing exercises and upright position lower airway collapse, work of breathing and dyspnoea (Riegel, Jaarsma, Stromberg, 2012). Essentially, recent research backs the employment of prone position to upsurge SaO2 and PaO2. This rationale addresses the above-mentioned principles in several ways. For example, to organize proactive follow-ups. Here, the positive effects of the oxygen therapy can be observed to monitor earlier treatment as the therapy continues. Similarly, this rationale can be used to give assurance on care continuity in that the therapy will go on even in the outpatient. An analysis of three collaboration ways between the registered nurse and other interdisciplinary team to provide a wholesome care and a conclusion Nurses collaborate with other nurses and healthcare providers to resolve patient care challenges and to offer the optimal quality degree of care to the patient or even group of patients (Bender, Connelly, Brown, 2013). This overtly implies that the partnership of these nursing professionals provides a wholesome nursing care for patients. The interdisciplinary team is inevitably useful. The following is a precise and adequate analysis of three ways of such collaboration. The registered nurse can collaborate with nursing assistants in the facility. These are the unlicensed assistive personnel who aid the nurses in the provision of both indirect and direct care normally directly supervised by the nurse. They help in performing nonsterile functions such as providing and helping with the patient`s daily living activities, aiding the patient with exercises and measuring and documenting the health of the patient just to mention a few. These assistive activities are critical in the recovery of the patient particularly chronically ill ones. For instance, the nursing assistants will help Angela do her daily chores (e.g. caring for her granddaughters) at the outpatient following her discharge and help her in oxygen therapy and recording her response to treatment. Collaboration with respiratory therapists is another vital way. They precisely help in resolving healthcare problems associated with the respiratory system. These professionals administer respiratory medications, chest physiotherapy and intubate patients among others. For example, Angela needs the above-mentioned special services for her treatment to be effective and successful. The prescriptions for her which include oral prednisolone and IV antibiotics, salbutamol and Atrovent nebulisers inevitably require a respiratory therapist to be appropriately administered. This is especially after her confession that she had not been diligent in taking her prescription medicine before based on some speculator reasons. Similarly, the oxygen therapy as prescribed by her GP requires the immense assistance of the respiratory therapist. The therapist will take her through the relevant chest physiotherapy which will, in turn, contribute to proper oxygenation in her body and consequently maintain h er SpO2 above 92%. The registered nurse may partner with a social worker. They have very diverse roles in the healthcare setting. The social worker usually offers psychological support and counsel patients (Hughes Fitzpatrick, 2011). As such, they are necessary particularly to patients with chronic conditions like in the case of Angela. Most importantly, they provide a long-term care for patients even after their discharge from the hospital. Angela needs regular, adequate and continuous psychological support particularly regarding her being upset for her admission at the hospital as she feels that it is likely to inconvenience her family and hence leave her daughters striving for childcare. This is because her daughters rely on her to take care of their children. Consequently, the psychological aid will enable her to understand the pressing demands of her present condition and that her grandchildren will be well taken care of despite her being away from them for the time being. This will additionally enable her to positively influence her health and continue with her normal life even after being discharged. Counsel will also be provided for her accordingly to enable her to avoid or handle such stressing issues and worries. Conclusion Guiding principles form an indispensable pillar in planning nursing care for patients with chronic conditions.Care plans should serve to facilitate self-management and empowerment of the patient through collaborative efforts of the patient, family, registered nurse and other interdisciplinary team.Nursing interventions should be relevant and supported by rationale. Registered nurses can effectively collaborate with other interdisciplinary team to holistically care for the chronically ill patients. References Barry, J., Edgman, S. (2012). Shared decision makingthe pinnacle of patient-centered care. New England Journal of Medicine, 780-781. Bender, M., Connelly, D., Brown, C. (2013). Interdisciplinary collaboration: The role of the clinical nurse leader. Journal of nursing management, 165-174. Bridges, J., Nicholson, C., Maben, J., Pope, C., Flatley, M., Wilkinson, C., Tziggili, M. (2013). Capacity for care: meta?ethnography of acute care nurses' experiences of the nurse?patient relationship. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 760-772. Hughes, B., Fitzpatrick, J. (2011). Nurse-physician collaboration in an acute care community hospital. Journal of interprofessional care, 625-632. Katon, J. (2011). Epidemiology and treatment of depression in patients with the chronic medical illness. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 7. Katon, W., Russo, J., Lin, H., Schmittdiel, J., Ciechawonski, P., Ludman, E., Von, M. (2012). Cost-effectiveness of a multicondition collaborative care intervention: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of general psychiatry, 506-514. Kujipers, W., Groen, G., Aaronson, K., Harten, H. (2013). A systematic review of web-based interventions for patient empowerment and physical activity in chronic diseases: relevance for cancer survivors. Journal of medical internet research. Ludman, J., Peterson, D., Katon, J., Lin, H., Von, M., Ciechanowski, P., Gensichen, J. (2013). Improving confidence for self-care in patients with depression and chronic illnesses. Behavioural medicine, 1-6. McCorkle, R., Ercolano, E., Lazenby, M., Schulman, D., Schlling, S., Lorin, K., Wagner, H. (2011). Self?management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness. a cancer journal for clinicians, 50-62. Mitchell, P., Wynia, M., Golden, R., McNellis, B., Okun, S., Webb, E., Von, I. (2012). Core principles values of effective team-based health care. Washington, DC: Institute of medicine. Morton, G., Fontain, D., Hudak, M., Gallo, M. (2017). Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Nuno, R., Coleman, K., Bengoa, R., Sauto, R. (2012). Integrated care for chronic conditions: the contribution of the ICCC framework. Health policy, 55-64. Parekh, K., Goodman, A., Gordon, C., Koh, K., Conditions, H. I. (2011). Managing multiple chronic conditions: a strategic framework for improving health outcomes and quality of life. Public health reports, 460-471. Riegel, B., Jaarsma, T., Stromberg, A. (2012). A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 194-204. Tinetti, E., Fried, R., Boyd, M. (2012). Designing health care for the most common chronic conditionmultimorbidity. Jama, 2493-2494. Weissman, E., Meier, E. (2011). Identifying patients in need of a palliative care assessment in the hospital setting a consensus report from the Center to Advance Palliative Care. Journal of palliative medicine, 17-23.

Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods Essay Example

Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods Paper Abstract In this experiment, the absorbance of KMnO4 was measured by spectrophotometric method to determine the molar concentration and the molar extinction coefficient of KMnO4. In part 1, in order to determine the maximum absorbance wavelength of KMnO4, we measured the absorbance of the sample solution which contains KMnO4 at the wavelengths between 330nm and 660nm, and plotted the ? and A points; the ? max was 530nm. In part 2, the effect of concentration on the absorbance was examined. We prepared five differently concentrated (but, same path length) solutions, and measured the absorbance of them at the ? ax(530nm) discovered in part 1; According to the results, higher concentrated solution had higher absorbance value. The extinction coefficient(? ) could be calculated from the results determined in part 2 and Beer’s Law; ? = 1. 7 x 103. In part 3, the absorbance of the KMnO4 solution of unknown concentration was measured, and using Beer’s law and dilution equation, the initial concentration of the unknown was determined; The concentration of the solution (unknown # : 15) was calculated to be 3. 3 x 10-3M. Introduction Our eyes are sensitive to light which lies in a very small region of the electromagnetic spectrum labeled visible light. This visible light corresponds to a wavelength range of 400 700 nanometers (nm) and a color range of violet through red. The human eye is not capable of seeing radiation with wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. The visible colors from shortest to longest wavelength are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. Ultraviolet radiation has a shorter wavelength than the visible violet light. Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible red light. The white light is a mixture of the colors of the visible spectrum. Black is a total absence of light. Figure 5. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum. Although visible light acts as a wave in some respects, it also displays properties characteristic of particles. The particle-like properties of visible light are exhibited through small, energy-bearing entities known as photons. The energy of a photon is: E photon = hc / ? (1) where h = Plancks constant, 6. 626 x 10-34 J/s, c = speed of light, 3. 00 x 108 m/s, and ? = wavelength of light. Light is energy, and when energy is absorbed by a chemical it results in a change in energy levels of the chemical. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Molecules normally exist in discrete energy levels. Vibrational energy levels exist because molecular bonds vibrate at specific frequencies. Electronic energy levels exist because electrons in molecules can be excited to discrete, higher energy orbitals. The energy (E) of light depends on its wavelength. Longer wavelengths (infrared) have less energy than shorter wavelengths (ultraviolet). A molecule will absorb energy (light) when the energy (or wavelength) exactly matches the energy difference between the two energy states of the molecule. In absorption, light — sunlight which is white light — strikes an object and part of the light may be absorbed by the object. The light we see coming from that object is the light which was not absorbed by the object. We see the not-absorbed light as the color of the object. If no light is absorbed, the object appears to be colorless. A spectrophotometer is employed to measure the amount of light that a sample absorbs. The instrument operates by passing a beam of light through a sample and measuring the intensity of light reaching a detector. The beam of light consists of a stream of photons. When a photon encounters a molecule, there is a chance the molecule will absorb the photon. This absorption reduces the number of photons in the beam of light, thereby reducing the intensity of the light beam. The ratio of transmitted light intensity(I) to the incident light intensity(I0) is the transmittance, T: T = I / I0 (2) The amount of light a sample absorbs is affected by its concentration. If there are samples of same substances but different concentrations, the amount of the absorbed light will be different. In higher concentrated solution, more absorbing molecules are present in the path of the light, and the chance the light strikes the molecules will increase. So, more light will be absorbed by the sample; less light will be transmitted. In contrast, in lower concentrated solution, less light will be absorbed, and more light will be transmitted. The concentration is represented by the symbol C and is typically measured in mole/L. Another factor that affects the amount of light a sample absorbs is the path length which is the length of sample that the light passes through. The path length is represented by the symbol l and is typically measured in centimeters. When the light travels through longer distance, it will strike more absorbing molecules, so more light will be absorbed, and less light will be transmitted. The relationship of two factors (path length concentration) can be combined to yield a general equation called Beers Law. log10T = A = ? lC (3) The quantity ? is the molar absorptivity; in older literature it is sometimes called the molar extinction coefficient. It is the measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength; a larger extinction coefficient means that substance absorbs more light. The units of ? are usually in M-1cm-1 or L mol-1cm-1. A is the absorbance of light by a sample, and in this experiment, it was measured directly by a spectrophotometer. Experimental 1. Maximum Absorbance Wavelength: For the first part of this experiment, we determined the wavelength at which a selected substance (KMnO4) would absorb best. We obtained 10ml of 0. 0040M KMnO4, and using a graduated 1. 0-ml pipette and a pipetting bulb, transferred 1. 00ml of it into a 25. 0-ml volumetric flask. We filled the flask half full with deionized water, and added 1. 0ml of 3. 0M H2SO4. After mixing the contents, we filled the flask completely with deionized water and mixed them again. After the sample solution was prepared, we calibrated a spectrophotometer using a blank solution; in this experiment, deionized water was used for the bla nk solution because H2SO4 is transparent in the visible region. For measuring the absorbance of KMnO4, first we selected a wavelength, and placed a cuvette containing blank solution, then replaced it with the other cuvette containing the prepared KMnO4 solution. The absorbance was measured at the wavelengths between 360nm and 660nm, and each time a new wavelength was selected, the spectrophotometer was recalibrated. After all the absorbance values were measured, we plotted the absorbance data versus the wavelength to determine ? max which was used for the remainder of the experiment. 2. Standard Absorbance Curve: For the second part of this experiment, we examined the effect of varying the concentration on the absorbance. Five differently concentrated KMnO4 solutions were prepared for this part. For each 25. 00ml sample, 1. 00ml, 0. 80ml, 0. 60ml, 0. 40ml, and 0. 0ml of 0. 0040M KMnO4, 1. 0ml of 3. 0M H2SO4, and deionized water were added. The concentration of each solution was calculated using the dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2. After a sample was prepared, we set the spectrophotometer to the ? max discovered in first part, calibrated using the blank, and then examined the absorbance of the sample. After all the findings were examined, we m ade a plot of the absorbance versus concentration. The molar extinction coefficient could be calculated using the Beer’s Law and the measured results. The inside diameter of the cuvette (path length) was measured with calipers. 3. Concentration of an Unknown: In the last part, we determined the concentration of unknown solution using the results (the path length and the extinction coefficient) determined in the second part. We obtained a solution of KMnO4 of unknown concentration. We followed the same procedure as for the second part to dilute the unknown solution; added KMnO4, H2SO4, and deionized water to make 25. 00ml sample, and calibrated the instrument with the blank solution at the ? max, and then measured the absorbance. The concentration of the unknown before it was diluted could be determined using the dilution equation in a reverse way. Results Discussion 1. Maximum Absorbance Wavelength: In part 1, we determined the sample’s absorbance spectrum to find the wavelength (? max) at which KMnO4 absorbs best. The absorbance data measured in this part is shown in Table 1, and Figure 1 is the absorbance spectrum constructed by plotting A vs ?. Table 1: Data for Maximum Absorbance Wavelength Wavelength360380400420440460480500 Absorbance0. 1450. 0770. 0210. 0080. 0170. 0510. 1320. 253 Wavelength520540560580600620640660 Absorbance0. 3620. 3600. 2460. 1130. 0400. 0300. 0220. 018 Figure 1: Absorbance Spectrum of KMnO4 According to the graph, ? max of KMnO4 is about 530nm, and it means that at the wavelength 530nm, KMnO4 absorbs light best. 2. Standard Absorbance Curve: In part 2, we examined the effect of varying the concentration on the absorbance. We prepared five differently concentrated solutions (the higher concentrated solution appeared darker pink-violet), and using dilution equation, the concentrations were calculated. Figure 2: Color of permanganate in different concentrated solution The calculated concentration and the measured absorbance of each solution are summarized in Table 2. Table 2: Data for Standard Absorbance Curve Volume (ml)Concentration (M)Absorbance 1. 001. 6 x 10-40. 320 0. 801. 3 x 10-40. 252 0. 609. 6 x 10-50. 185 0. 406. 4 x 10-50. 122 0. 203. 2 x 10-50. 057 As shown in Table 2, when concentration decreased, the absorbance value also decreased. A plot of the absorbance verses concentration (Figure 4) resulted a straight line, and according to the equation (3), the Beer’s Law, we knew that the slope(2036. 563) of the line equals ? l. The path length(l) of the cuvette was measured to be 1. 18cm, and the extinction coefficient(? ) at 530nm was calculated to be 1. x 103; The molar extinction coefficient varies with the wavelength of light used in the measurement. Figure 3: A plot of Absorbance vs. Concentration 3. Concentration of an Unknown: The concentration of the unknown (#15) solution was calculated using Beer’s Law and dilution equation. Table 3 shows the data gathered. Table 3: Data and Calculation for Unknown KMnO4 Concentrat ion TrialVol. of KMnO4 AbsorbanceCon. after dilution (M)Con. before dilution (M) 11. 0 ml0. 2511. 3 x 10-43. 3 x 10-3 20. 8 ml0. 2121. 1 x 10-43. 4 x 10-3 30. 6 ml0. 1557. 7 x 10-43. 3 x 10-3 The mean concentration before dilution was calculated to 3. x 10-3M. In part 1, the maximum wavelength of KMnO4 was found as 530nm. When MnO4- is dissolved in water, it appears pink-violet, and as shown in color wheel below, it absorbs primarily yellow-green light. (The color a substance appears to be is directly across the wheel from the color of light that substance has absorbed. ) The range of the wavelength of green-yellow light is between 495nm ~ 590nm, so the maximum wavelength measured (530nm) is reasonable. Figure 4: The Color Wheel The absorbance spectrum shows how the absorbance of light depends upon the wavelength of the light. The spectrum itself is a plot of absorbance vs. wavelength and is characterized by the wavelength (? max) at which the absorbance is the greatest. The value of ? max is important for several reasons. This wavelength is characteristic of each compound and provides information on the electronic structure of the analyte. In order to obtain the highest sensitivity and to minimize deviations from Beers Law, analytical measurements are made using light with a wavelength of ? max. In part 2, we observed that the absorbance was lower in less concentrated solution. Before the experiment was done, we expected that in lower concentrated solution, because fewer number of absorbing molecules would exist, so less light would be absorbed; the expectation was correct. As I mentioned above, the solution appears pink-violet because permanganate absorbs primarily green-yellow light. The pink-violet color was darker in higher concentrated solution as in figure 2, and it can be explained that more green-yellow light was absorbed, so the violet color appeared darker. In part 3, we measured the absorbance of diluted unknown KMnO4 solution to determine the concentration of it. I got the sample of unknown number 15. We’d already known the value of the path length and the extinction coefficient, so we could calculate the concentration using the Beer’s Law. The solution was diluted to 25ml, so, in order to determine the initial concentration of the unknown, we used the dilution equation in a reverse way. The absorbance of the unknown was similar to the absorbance of the known sample, so I expected that the concentration would be similar; the known concentration was 0. 0040M, and the unknown concentration determined to be 0. 0033M.

Animal Farm George Orwell free essay sample

George Orwell has used many techniques of writing such as irony and humour to portray significant events throughout Animal Farm. This extract, just after the slaughter of the disloyal animals (one of the most emotive of the events in the book), is no exception and so I will be analysing and interpreting the response of readers as well as making links to other parts in the book. Loud singing could be heard from the farmhouse, this is just after the pigs have come across a case of whiskey. It is not the singing itself, which is the surprise to the animals but the song that is being sung, Beasts of England. Beasts of England, the song of rebellion and hope, has just been banned. The banishment of the song stood for the destruction of old Majors vision of a perfect unity between animals. Also the song signifies rebellion and so Napoleon has forbidden it to extinguish any fighting spirit against his dictator-led regime. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm George Orwell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The pigs, after being intoxicated, lose all their inhibitions; it seems ironic how they are now relying on their natural instincts rather than their brains. Them singing Beasts of England is hypocritical of the banishment, and supports the readers dislike of the pigs. Napoleon is seen wearing a Bowler hat and gallop rapidly round the yard, this is the only time where Napoleon loses control. In my opinion, which may be disputed, this is a sign of Napoleon evolving in to the pig to man he becomes in the end. His wearing of the bowler hat, an item of clothing, reveals his human behaviour in contrast to him galloping, which exposes his animal instincts. To us this image of a boar in a bowler hat is amusing although the animals must have been confused. The following morning Squealer appears, walking slowly and dejectedly, already the readers are able to make the link that the pigs must be hung over hence no pig appeared to be stirring. Squealer announces to the animals that Napoleon is dying! As a reader I have no sympathy towards the announcement but only humour since I know he is not going to die, he is only hung over. On the other hand the reaction from the animals is tremendous; a cry of lamentation went up and they had tears in their eyes while asking each other what they should do if their leader were taken away from them. As readers it is very frustrating to see the animals act so pathetically, that they are so dependant upon comrade Napoleon their leader. Later on Squealer declared the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death, this was Napoleons last decree. This again is comical to us because he isnt going to die neither will it be his last act upon the earth. Napoleon pronounced the decree resulting from his own belief that he was going to die. Snowball has once again been used as a scapegoat; Orwell has depicted Snowball as the more intelligent and resourceful of the pigs, a vivacious pig and more inventive. I think he has done this in order to show that these types of revolution leaders like Trotsky will never prevail over those who use forceful tactics alongside fear. Napoleon has a reputation of getting his own way and is the successful leader of this revolution symbolising such important figures in history like Stalin and Hitler. Napoleon has ordered the small paddock, which had previously been intended for animals who were past work, to be ploughed up so it can be reseeded since its pasture was exhausted. However it soon became known that Napoleon intended to sow it with barley. This is a classic example of the pigs cycle of lies. They lie then time goes on and the truth is uncovered but then the pigs produce more lies through propaganda and manipulation of language to hide the old lies. More time goes on and the old lies are forgotten. This is the form of brainwashing the pigs use against the enslaved animals. This act of dishonesty along with many other shams shows Napoleon as no better than Jones, even worse than Jones, since Jones was always honest. Benjamin is a wasted intellectual figure; he refuses to intervene, knowing that it would be pointless under the strict animalism regime. A typical illustration would be when Squealer is found temporarily stunned after falling off the ladder, by the seven commandments, with a paintbrush and an overturned pot of white paint. Ben nods with a knowing air he does not hide the fact that he knows what is happening but he does not share his knowledge with the other animals. Again this is exasperating because we can see that Ben is not going to have the courage to interfere until it is too late. Squealers nightly visit confirms that hes been adjusting the commandments with the intention of benefiting the pigs. Muriels keen interest in the commandments suggests that the smartest of the working animals have realised what is happening but conceal their knowledge with deliberate unawareness or possibly willing ignorance since they are kept in fear by Napoleon and his dogs. The dogs do not only protect Napoleon but all the pigs as shown when they made a ring round Squealer after he had fallen, preventing any intrusion by the animals. The dogs are an evil force, which help Napoleon maintain power. The narrator of Animal Farm is closely linked with the working animals; he recounts the story in deliberate ignorance. This is how the animals are viewed, ignorant, although this is not the case. Since the animals are ruled by fear it would be unwise to discuss or even think about going against Napoleons regime, due to the increasing power sustained through the dogs and the growing number of pigs.

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The location of a school can have a big impact on your experience as a student. It’s important to be aware of your preferences and make sure you choose a college that lines up with what will make you happiest. In this article, I’ll give you some details on the characteristics of rural, urban, and suburban college environments so that you can decide which one sounds like the best fit for you. What Is a Rural College Environment Like? Rural colleges are colleges that are located in the country, often with access to wilderness areas and farms. Generally, a college is considered rural if its campus is in a town with a population of less than 25,000 people.These schools can provide great outdoor learning opportunities in fields like environmental science and agriculture. I attendedDartmouth College, which I would consider a rural schoolgivenits remote location in the small town of Hanover, NH. While there, I took a class called â€Å"Food and Power.† We got to go on a field trip to the organic farm that’s associated with the college and eat some delicious fresh asparagus. (Seriously, I didn’t know it was possible for asparagus to taste that good.)Students also had the opportunity to work on the farm and learn more about how food was grown, an experience that wouldn't be accessible in a city environment. Usually at rural colleges there will still be a small town of some kind nearby so you can buy basic necessities that aren’t available on campus.Rural colleges tend to be far from any major city centers, although some do provide busing for students to cities that are within a reasonable distance (e.g. a couple of hours away).Rural college campuses are often very self-contained, meaning that not many students will live off campus because there aren’t enough options! Most events will happen on campus since there are very few opportunities to go out to clubs or shows off-campus.For this reason, rural colleges will often bring free concerts and performances to their students.These can be pretty cool, and this state of affairsalso means that you’ll spend a lot less money on going out with your friends.The scenery and activities available can vary immensely depending on where a rural college is located. Some are near mountains with great skiing and hiking and some might be near lakes or nice biking trails. Examples of rural colleges include: Middlebury College Bucknell University Carleton College Bucknell University in either the spring or fall. I can't tell which it is. All I know is that those trees are showing a LOT of branch. Is a Rural College the Right Choice for You? Rural colleges are great for students who love the outdoors and want to be a part of a tight-knit community.If you prefer to go for a hike or hang out with your friends in a quieter setting rather than spend a night out on the town, a rural college may be right up your alley.Rural colleges are ideal for those who prefer a friendly, relaxed atmosphere where they will mainly be interacting with other college students.If the idea of living on campus for most or all of your time in college and sticking to the same few reliable options for entertainment and food doesn’t bother you, then you’ll probably like the atmosphere at a rural college. One drawback of this type of environment is that there might not be as many job or internship opportunities available in the immediate vicinity.However, this can also leave you more open to the possibility of traveling somewhere new and exciting for a summer internship or job rather than sticking around in the same area. Rural colleges will do their best to provide on-campus job opportunities for students who are interested. Another thing to keep in mind is the transportation situation at rural colleges. If you don't have a car, it's going to be difficult for you to get off campus. This can feel a little bit claustrophobic at times. Many schools do provide busing or access to local transportation systems, but it's much less convenient to get around without a car at a rural college. If you don't have a car, you will probably end up knowing someone with a car, though; it's typically not a huge issue unless you're set on driving home every weekend. What Is an Urban College Environment Like? Urban colleges are located in large cities (typically with populations of 200,000 or more).The layouts of urban college campuses can vary immensely; some are more self-contained in their own little bubbles, and some are spread throughout the city.If a campus is more spread out, the college often offers specialized public transportation shuttles for students or will provide students with passes to use on the city’s public transportationsystems.Urban college campuses are extremely variable depending on the city and neighborhood where they are located, so you'll need to visit the school and do some research before making too many assumptions about what the environment is actually like. In many cases, urban campuses will offer off-campus learning opportunities in the form of internships and classes that allow students to interact with the surrounding community.Since urban campuses have such a close proximity to so many company headquarters and job opportunities, they can be great places to start your internship search and get your foot in the door career-wise. Urban colleges will provide you with access to many off-campus entertainment options including museums, bars, clubs, concerts, movies, plays, and more.They also tend to attract a more diverse student body. Examples of urban colleges include: New York University Northeastern University UCLA The Northeastern University campus. Dat landscaping. Is an Urban College the Right Choice for You? If you’re all about being in an exciting setting with lots of events and diverse people, an urban college might be the place for you. Since students from a variety of different backgrounds tend to be drawn to schools in big cities, urban colleges usually have a less homogeneous student body than rural colleges.Urban colleges are good environments for outgoing students who like to explore and interact with all different types of people and cultures.There will always be something going on in the surrounding city, and you’ll be able to access pretty much any activity that interests you because of the breadth of experiences available.It’s likely that there will also be other college campuses nearby, so you might have more opportunities to meet and interact with students from other colleges. Overall, it's much easier to get around at urban colleges because you'll usually have access to a robust public transportation system. People will be able to visit you even if they don't have cars because of your central location. If you do have a car, you may run into some issues at an urban college because cars often become largely unnecessary, and it can be expensive to park. If you’re hoping to live off campus and get more of a taste of adult life in college, an urban college might be a good choice.You’ll have tons of choices for where you want to live as an upperclassman. Keep in mind, however, that you couldstill run into cost issues, especially in larger cities (looking at you, New York). High housing pricescan limit your choices and make dorm life a more realistic option.At an urban college, you also won’t be stuck with the school’s dining options or the limited number of restaurants that might be available at a college in a small town. If there’s a certain city that is a hot spot for a career field that interests you, you might consider attending an urban college in the area to do some networking. It's easier to make connections when you can meet up with potential employers face to face. What Is a Suburban College Environment Like? A suburban college is a college that’s located somewhere between the rural and urban college environment.These colleges may be in small cities, large towns, or residential areas near large cities with populations that number between 25,000 and 200,000.Suburban colleges will offer some of the qualities of both urban and rural schools depending on their proximity to cities and the layout of their campuses. Suburban college campuses tend to be self-contained like rural colleges, fostering a sense of community amongst students.However, students at suburban colleges will have more options for activities off campus in the surrounding area.Suburban campuses often provide students with access to both outdoor activities similar to those found at rural colleges and urban entertainment options such as the museums, concerts, and clubs mentioned above. In many cases, suburban colleges have strong ties to the towns in which they are located, meaning student discounts at local venues as well as more job and internship opportunities. Local transportation is often provided to students for easy access to activities in the area, but it may be less directly accessible than at urban schools. It can be useful to have a car at a suburban college, but it's usually not necessary for getting off campus. Examples of suburban colleges include: Pomona College University of Virginia Tufts University Pomona College, where you can't be sad unless you don't ever look outside. Is a Suburban College the Right Choice for You? If different aspects of both rural and urban colleges appeal to you, then the suburban college life might be a good fit.You may like being in the city to a certain degree, but you want to be able to get away that atmosphere sometimes and enjoy nature.Suburban colleges will give you many choices for how you want to spend your time outside of class. If you want to get off campus you can, but you can also choose to stay within the college bubble if that’s what makes you feel more comfortable.Depending on location, suburban colleges may offer more access to off-campus housing options for students.If you’re interested in living off-campus without being in the middle of a big, intimidating city, a suburban college could be a great choice. Conclusion Location and environment are very important factors to consider when choosing a college.Depending on your personality, you might be happier at a rural, urban, or suburban school.Rural campuses are great for students who want to experience the outdoors far from the hustle and bustle of city life and be a part of a very independent college community.Urban campuses might be a better fit for students who love to go out on the town, experience a wide variety of cultural events, and meet lots of new people outside of those who attend their same school.Suburban campuses present a mixture of both environments; if aspects of both rural and suburban colleges appeal to you, a suburban college might be the way to go. Remember that this is just one factor that you should think about in your college search!Read my guide on how to choose a college to help you start brainstorming your preferences and researching schools. What's Next? You've probably heard of safety schools and reach schools, but how should you go about choosing them for yourself? Read more about how to decide on the bestsafety schools and reach schools in these articles. Another important way that colleges are categorized is by their status as public or private institutions. Find out what each type of school offers and whether one might be a better fit for you. Going to a college that's far away from your hometown can be a tough transition, but it's a great experience for many students. Learn about the pros and cons of going to school out of state. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Project Management of Hamza BioDiesel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management of Hamza BioDiesel - Essay Example Activity C can commence thereafter for prompt completion as well. Once activities B and C are completed, activity F can commence. All the resources will be diverted to this activity so that subsequent delays can be contained. This will ensure that the process does not exceed the current length of the critical path. Thus, activity F will be completed latest on the 14th week. Presumably, activity D can commence and be completed within one week (latest 21st week). The management consultant may have considered the main roads leading to major cities. People driving to major cities are definitely going to spend time and money on the establishment. They could be nationals or foreigners who are on business trips in the cities. Therefore, setting up petrol stations on those roads will enable them to meet the fuel needs of the drivers. While drivers refuel in their vehicles, they could refresh themselves with soft drinks and foodstuffs provided in the establishment. The management might also have considered the purchasing power of the targeted consumers. Inhabitants of major cities and their environs have a relatively higher purchasing power than their counterparts in the outskirts or rural areas have. Putting up the stations on roads leading to the major cities will definitely tap the spending power of these consumers. The stations will also have competitive prices for their products dictated by the purchasing power of the consumers. This project hopes to create a sustainable source of income. In addition, the management might also have considered the nature of goods and services preferred by the target group. Consumers in these areas use goods and services at relatively higher prices than other parts of the country. This is why it was suggested that they stock ready-to-eat foods, wines, and spirits, which are a luxury as opposed to a necessity.